Craps: All About the Craps Game

Written by Boris Atanasov
With more than 4+ years of experience in the iGaming industry, Boris Atanasov writes exciting content about slots, video poker, roulette and blackjack.
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Craps is an exciting casino game in which players roll a pair of dice and bet on the outcome. It is a game of pure chance, yet playing it well involves knowledge and an understanding of the available bets. When played correctly, it offers some of the lowest house edges available in casino gambling. Craps did not develop overnight; craps has existed for centuries in one form or another, and its rules have gradually evolved into the sophisticated game we know today.

Fast-paced and offering numerous wagering options, craps is one of the most popular games of chance alongside roulette and is featured in many large casinos around the globe. This dice game comes with seemingly complex rules and extremely rapid gameplay that may easily overwhelm some casino enthusiasts. In reality, craps is much simpler than it looks, and players can quickly learn the basics by starting with the fundamental bets.

In the following sections, beginners will find the most important information about craps, including its rules, types of bets, and some strategies used by experienced craps players. We have also explained the mathematics behind craps as simply as possible, along with the differences among the variations of the game. As with many other casino games, craps can also be played online. Therefore, we have included a quick introduction to several software developers that have designed high-quality, user-friendly versions of craps.

Craps Table Layout and Etiquette

Because bets are placed rapidly, craps is often difficult for bystanders to understand. To learn the game, they should first examine the craps table and familiarize themselves with the fundamentals.

Sections of the Craps Table
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Sections of the Craps Table

Craps is played on a rectangular table with U-shaped ends and high edges. The shooter throws the dice onto the table’s green felt. Players place their bets by putting chips into different cells, each corresponding to a particular type of wager. This intricate diagram of cells is called the layout, and it is essentially the same in all casinos, whether land-based or online. In the center of the table, players will find the areas for the so-called Hard Way and one-roll bets, while the ends feature sections for basic bets such as Pass Line, Come, Field, and Place bets.


Casino Staff

The next thing players should pay attention to at the craps table is the staff. Typically, there are up to four employees who stand behind the two long sides of the table. On one side is the boxman, who supervises the dealers and stands behind the bank. One dealer stands on each side of the boxman; they pay players’ winnings and collect chips from their respective halves of the table. The stickman stands across the table and is responsible for announcing the outcome of each roll, passing the dice to the next player, and managing the Proposition bets in the center of the table.


Etiquette

Craps players must follow strict etiquette because of the fast pace and complex nature of the game. In fact, craps etiquette is elaborate enough to warrant a separate guide. However, there are several basic tips for every first-time player: players should announce their bets only to the dealers, who will then place the chips; players should never take their own winnings but should wait for the staff to pay them; and players should keep their hands away from the table once the shooter is about to roll the dice. Overall, players are expected to behave respectfully at the table and avoid mentioning the number 7, as it is traditionally believed to bring bad luck.

Basic Craps Rules

Come-Out Roll

Dice Combinations

The first toss of the dice, called a “come-out roll,” marks the beginning of each round. The outcome of the toss is the sum of the numbers displayed on the pair of dice, and it can range from 2 to 12. Each come-out roll has three possible outcomes:

  • 7 or 11: A roll resulting in 7 or 11 is called a natural, and all “right” bettors win. This outcome ends the round.
  • 2, 3, or 12: These numbers are known as the “craps numbers.” If the dice show any of them, “right” bettors lose, while “wrong” bettors generally win. However, the Don’t Pass bet pushes on 12. The round then ends.
  • 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, or 10: If the shooter rolls one of these numbers on the come-out roll, the point is established. The rolled number becomes the “point,” and one or more additional rolls are required to settle the round.
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Fundamental Bets in Craps

The shooter in the new round must place one of the two basic bets in craps – either the Pass Line bet or the Don’t Pass bet, both of which will be explained in detail below. For the other players at the table, these bets are optional. Sometimes betting on the Pass and Don’t Pass is referred to as “win” and “don’t win” or “right” and “wrong” betting. “Don’t win” or “wrong” bettors are considered to be playing with the casino and against the other players.

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Pass Line

This is the most fundamental bet in craps, and it wins when the dice total 7 or 11 on the come-out roll. When making this wager, players are said to bet with the dice rather than against them. The payout is even money (1:1), and if the shooter rolls a 7 or 11, everyone who has placed this bet wins. If the come-out roll is 2, 3, or 12, the bet loses, but if any other number appears, it establishes a point.

This means that the bet will not be settled immediately, and the shooter must continue rolling the dice. Once the point has been established, the Pass Line wins only if the point number is rolled before a 7. If the shooter rolls a 7 before the point number, the round ends, and those who have wagered on the Pass Line lose.


Don’t Pass

The Don’t Pass line bet is the opposite of the Pass Line bet. With this wager, players bet that the shooter will lose. Therefore, players who bet the Don’t Pass win if the dice total 2 or 3 and receive an even-money payout. They lose if the come-out roll is 7 or 11, while a roll of 12 results in a push. If the come-out roll is any other number, that number becomes the point for the subsequent rolls.

Players who have placed their chips on the Don’t Pass bet win if the shooter rolls a 7 before hitting the point. They lose if the point number is rolled first.


Pass Odds

If a point is established on the come-out roll, players have the option to place an additional wager that is a multiple of their Pass Line bet, and most casinos allow multiples ranging from 1x to 100x. This wager wins if the point number appears before a 7 and loses if a 7 appears first. This bet offers a higher potential payout than the original Pass Line wager, with the exact payout depending on the point.


Don’t Pass Odds

Those who bet on the Don’t Pass can also lay odds on their wager and will win if a 7 is rolled before the point. Similar to Pass Odds, this wager is a multiple (1x to 100x) of the original bet and offers higher potential payouts, which is why many players prefer it.


Come Bet

The Come bet is very similar to the Pass Line bet because it wins and loses on the same outcomes and offers the same payout. What makes it different, however, is the timing: the Come bet can be placed only after a point has been established. With this wager, players set their own “come-out” roll and point, which are separate from the main come-out roll and the point initially established by the shooter. On its own come-out roll, this bet wins with a 7 or 11 and loses with a 2, 3, or 12. If a Come point is established, the bet wins if that point is rolled again before a 7.


Don’t Come Bet

The Don’t Come bet is the opposite of the Come bet and is also available once the point has been established. This wager wins on 2 or 3 and loses on 7 or 11. Once a point number has been established, it wins if a 7 appears before the point and loses if the point is rolled first.

Single and Multi-Roll Bets

Single-Roll Bets

Multi-Roll Bets

Also known as proposition or prop bets, these one-roll wagers are resolved on the next roll of the dice, so players either win or lose immediately. Most of these wagers are also called service bets, and their chips are placed in the center of the craps table. The process is different when playing online craps.

A good example of a prop bet is Snake Eyes, in which players bet that the shooter will roll a 2 on the next throw. The Field bet is more popular, though, because it wins if the dice total 2, 3, 4, 9, 10, 11, or 12.

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Craps Variations

Over the past few centuries, the game of craps has evolved significantly, and different versions of it have appeared around the world. Today, however, there are few variations, and most casinos offer the same rules and payouts, which are considered standard.

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Bank Craps

This is the most common variation of craps, and it is often referred to as “casino craps” or simply “craps.” Bank craps is the version available online, and much of this guide refers to it. Its origins can be traced back to the first gambling houses in Las Vegas, and from there, it became popular around the world. The house edge differs for each bet, but the figure commonly associated with the game is around 1.40%.


Crapless Craps

Crapless craps is one of the more unusual variations of the game. It does not include the Don’t Pass bet, and the rules for the Pass Line bet differ significantly. The game also carries a higher house edge of 5.38%, which is why it is not particularly popular with players.


New York Craps

New York craps can be found in many casinos around the world; however, it does not allow Come or Don’t Come bets. In addition, it uses a different table layout. The overall house edge is 5.00%.


Simplified Craps

Simplified craps is a very rare version of the game in which all standard bet types have been eliminated. Instead, players can bet only on 2, 3, 4, 10, 11, or 12, which are numbers with relatively few possible combinations. These numbers are also among the least likely totals to appear. The house edge in this game is 2.80%.

Craps Odds and House Edge

1Craps Odds

Because craps uses two six-sided dice, the probability and odds for every total are fixed and can be calculated quite easily. As mentioned above, there are 36 possible combinations in the game. To determine the probability of rolling a 7, we compare the combinations that result in a total of 7 with all possible combinations. There are six different combinations that produce a 7, so the probability is 6/36, or approximately 0.1667.

2Craps House Edge

Remember that the probability of an event occurring ranges between 0 and 1. A value of 0 means the event will certainly not happen, while 1 means it will certainly happen. Probability is often represented as a percentage, so 0.1666 becomes 16.66% (0.1666 x 100). What about the odds in craps? This term also represents the likelihood of an event occurring. However, when discussing odds, we compare the number of winning combinations for rolling a 7 with the number of losing combinations.

In this case, the odds in favor of rolling a 7 are 6 to 30, which can be expressed as 6/30 or 6:30 and reduced to 1:5. Expressed as odds against rolling a 7, the figure is 5:1. The payout for this particular outcome, however, is 4:1. This difference between the true odds (5:1) and the casino payout (4:1) creates a built-in advantage for the casino. This is known as the house edge, which is 16.67% for the Any 7 bet.

3Conclusion

In other words, players placing this particular bet can expect to lose 16.67% of the amount wagered over time ($16.67 out of every $100). A commonly cited house edge for craps is 1.41%.

Major Developers of Online Craps

Most major casino software development companies have released their own versions of online craps. Typically, these games follow the standard rules of Bank Craps and are almost identical in terms of gameplay and payouts. However, some content providers have developed craps versions with exceptional graphics, smooth gameplay, and a user-friendly design.

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Microgaming

Players who choose Microgaming’s Craps can enjoy smooth gameplay, easy-to-understand rules, and straightforward payouts. This is hardly surprising, considering that the company launched the first online casino in 1994 and has the knowledge and experience to develop engaging and aesthetically pleasing virtual casino games. The Isle of Man-based company is also known for the hundreds of classic and video slots in its portfolio.


Playtech

Founded in 1999, Playtech is another industry leader in the design, development, and supply of gambling software. In addition to offering craps to thousands of online players, it provides gaming and betting sites with high-quality casino platforms, online poker rooms, sports betting solutions, live dealer games, bingo, and much more.


RealTime Gaming

RealTime Gaming, or RTG, was founded in 1998 as an online casino company that provided operators with a downloadable gaming platform. Today, the studio develops colorful slots and realistic table games that can be played in a browser or as part of its downloadable casino software package.


NetEnt

NetEnt, formerly known as Net Entertainment, is one of the pioneers in the development of online casino games and comprehensive gambling software solutions. The studio was founded in 1996 in Sweden. Today, its gaming portfolio includes hundreds of online slots and live dealer games, as well as a selection of virtual table and card games such as roulette, blackjack, craps, and poker.

Craps Strategy

It is a common misconception that, because craps is a game of chance, winning or losing depends solely on luck. Those who rely exclusively on “luck,” without understanding the rules and probabilities of the game, usually leave the craps table bankrupt. This outcome can be avoided by applying a few simple strategies when playing craps.

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Basic Strategy for Craps

One way to optimize the time spent at the craps table is to place bets with the lowest house edge. These include Don’t Pass and Don’t Come bets laid with odds; the higher the odds, the lower the combined house edge. Laying the maximum odds (100x) reduces the house edge to nearly 0%. Knowing the rules and etiquette at the craps table is also recommended, and more experienced players may use combinations of bets that provide a balance between coverage and bet size.


Betting Patterns

Combining bets is a tactic commonly referred to as using betting patterns. Because some casinos do not allow odds on the Don’t Pass bet, players can combine this wager with one or two Don’t Come bets. Another pattern involves placing a Don’t Pass bet along with two Don’t Come bets, a Field bet, and Lay bets on 4 and 10.


Betting Systems

Betting systems, or betting progressions, are quite popular among gamblers, especially in games such as blackjack, roulette, craps, and baccarat. They do not involve complex playing strategies. Instead, they provide a method for increasing or reducing the bet size depending on whether the player wins or loses. Positive progressions require players to increase the bet size after a win, while negative progressions require the stakes to be increased after a loss. Popular progression systems include the Martingale, Paroli, Labouchere, and D’Alembert.

Money Management

1Allocating Session Bankrolls

New players at the craps table should always allocate a session bankroll, meaning the amount of money they can afford to lose each time they visit the table. A good way to do this is to divide the total gambling bankroll for the week into smaller amounts. Each session bankroll, however, should be sufficient to last for ten different shooters or at least ten rounds of craps.

2Win Goals and Loss Limits

Another way to avoid spending too much money at the craps table is to set win goals or loss limits. Players can also use both. The loss limit should never exceed 50%, while a suggested win goal is 30% of the entire bankroll. The idea is to stop before losing all the allocated money or, after reaching a win goal, to quit while still ahead.

3Winning and Losing Streaks

Winning and losing streaks are a reality in gambling; however, they are entirely random. Craps players may choose to stop playing after six or seven consecutive losses, although five losses is an even more cautious limit. Winning streaks are also random, so players can never be certain that their next bet will win.

4Betting Systems to Avoid

Craps players should know that progressive betting systems do not guarantee winnings. Although some of these systems can be used for money management, others can result in substantial losses. Negative progressions, in particular, carry exceptionally high risk. The Martingale system, for example, requires doubling the bet after a loss and returning to the original stake after a win, which can be very dangerous during a prolonged losing streak.

FAQ

Is It Possible to Change the Odds in Craps?

Can I Play Online Craps for Free?

Is Online Craps Better than Craps in Land-Based Casinos?

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